National Parliament Composition
National Poll Average
This poll average is the result of a smoothing cubic spline fitted to our dataset of all national polls collected in Germany. You can access the complete database of polls at https://europeelects.eu/data/
Government
Head of State (President) | Frank-Walter Steinmeier (SPD-S&D) |
Head of Government (Chancellor) | Olaf Scholz (SPD-S&D) |
Parties in Government | Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD-S&D) Alliance ’90/The Greens (Greens/EFA) Free Democratic Party (FDP-RE) |
Parties
Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD)
Social Democratic Party of Germany
Leaders: Lars Klingbeil & Saskia Esken
Orientation: Centre-left (Poguntke et al., 2020)
EP Affiliation: S&D (S&D, PES, PA, SOC)
EU Stance: Strongly in favour of EU integration (Chapel-Hill data)
Years active: 1875-… (Scarrow, 2014, p. 54)
Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands (CDU)
Christian Democratic Union of Germany
Leader: Friedrich Merz
Orientation: Centre-right (Poguntke et al., 2020)
EP Affiliation: EPP (EPP-EP, EPP Party, CDI, IDU, EPP-PACE)
EU Stance: In favour of EU integration (Chapel-Hill data)
Years active: 1945-… (bpb, 2021)
Note: Registered in all regions (Bundesländer) but Bavaria; forms group in the national parliament and in PACE with CSU (EPP)
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen (GRÜNE)
Alliance ’90/The Greens
Leader: Ricarda Lang & Omid Nouripour
Orientation: Green politics (Poguntke et al., 2020)
EP Affiliation: Greens/EFA (Greens/EFA, EGP, GG, SOC)
EU Stance: Strongly in favour of EU integration (Chapel-Hill data)
Years active: 1980-… (bpb, 2021)
Freie Demokraten (FDP)
Free Democratic Party
Leader: Christian Lindner
Orientation: Liberal (Poguntke et al., 2020)
EP Affiliation: RE (RE, ALDE Party, LI, ALDE-PACE)
EU Stance: In favour of EU integration (Chapel-Hill data)
Years active: 1948-… (bpb, 2021)
Alternative für Deutschland (AfD)
Alternative for Germany
Leaders: Tino Chrupalla & Alice Weidel
Orientation: Right-wing
EP Affiliation: ID (ID Party, ID-EP, EC/DA)
EU Stance: Opposed to EU integration (Chapel-Hill data)
Years active: 2013-… (bpb, 2021)
Die Linke (Linke)
The Left
Leader: Janine Wissler & Martin Schirdewan
Orientation: Left-wing (Poguntke et al., 2020)
EP Affiliation: LEFT (LEFT, EL, UEL)
EU Stance: Neutral towards EU integration (Chapel-Hill data)
Years active: 1946-… (Welt)
Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern e. V. (CSU)
Christian Social Union in Bavaria
Leader: Markus Söder
Orientation: Centre-right (Poguntke et al., 2020)
EP Affiliation: EPP (EPP-EP, EPP Party, IDU, EPP-PACE)
EU Stance: In favour of EU integration (Chapel-Hill data)
Years active: 1945-… (bpb, 2021)
Note: Registered only in the region (Bundesland) of Bavaria; forms group in the national parliament and in PACE with CDU (EPP)
Die PARTEI Partei für Arbeit, Rechtsstaat, Tierschutz, Elitenförderung und basisdemokratische Initiative (Die PARTEI)
Party for Labour, Rule of Law, Animal Protection, Promotion of Elites and Grassroots Democratic Initiative
Leader: Martin Sonneborn
Orientation: Left-wing, Satire
EP Affiliation: NI (NI-EP)
EU Stance: Strongly in favour of EU integration
Years active: 2004-… (bpb, 2021)
Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei (ÖDP)
Ecological Democratic Party
Leader: Charlotte Schmid
Orientation: Green party politics, moderate social conservativism
EP Affiliation: Greens/EFA (Greens/EFA, WEP)
EU Stance: In favour of EU integration
Years active: 1981-… (bpb, 2021)
Piratenpartei Deutschland (Piraten)
Pirate Party Germany
Leader: Lukas Küffner
Orientation: Pirate politics, social liberalism
EP Affiliation: Greens/EFA (Greens/EFA, PPEU, PPI)
EU Stance: Strongly in favour of EU integration (Chapel-Hill data)
Years active: 2006-… (bpb, 2021)
Volt Deutschland (Volt)
Volt Germany
Leader: Connor Geiger & Rebekka Müller
Orientation: Eurofederalism, social liberalism
EP Affiliation: Greens/EFA (Greens/EFA, Volt)
EU Stance: Strongly in favour of EU integration
Years active: 2018-… (bpb, 2021)
Partei Mensch Umwelt Tierschutz (Tierschutzpartei)
Party Human Environment Animal Protection
Leader: Matthias Ebner, Aida Spiegeler Castañeda & Robert Gabel
Orientation: Left-wing, Green politics with focus on animal rights
EP Affiliation: LEFT (Animal Politics EU, PftAIM)
EU Stance: Somewhat in favour of EU integration (Chapel-Hill data)
Years active: 1993-… (bpb, 2021)
Wir Bürger (LKR)
We Citizens
Leader: Jürgen Joost
Orientation: National conservatism
EP Affiliation: ECR (ECR Party)
EU Stance: Somewhat opposed to EU integration
Years active: 2015-… (bpb, 2021) (2015-2016 as Allianz für Fortschritt und Aufbruch (ALFA); 2016-2023 as Liberal-Konservative Reformer (LKR))
Bündnis Deutschland (BD)
Alliance Germany
Leader: Steffen Große
Orientation: National-conservative
EP Affiliation: ECR (ECR Group)
EU Stance: Somewhat opposed to EU integration
Years active: 2022-…
Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht – Für Vernunft und Gerechtigkeit (BSW)
Alliance Sahra Wagenknecht – For Reason and Justice
Leaders: Sahra Wagenknecht and Amira Mohamed Ali
Orientation: Diverse (Debus, 2024)
EP Affiliation: ~LEFT (UEL)
EU Stance: Somewhat opposed to EU integration
Years active: 2023-…