The table below considers past European Parliament elections, national and regional parliament elections as well as Presidential elections on the national and regional level in European states and territories. It also includes national parliament by-elections. Regional elections of any kind are included for federations of any size and unitary states with more than 40 million inhabitants. It excludes local elections. The archive also excludes indirect elections. Only direct elections are included.
Europe Elects will post updates about the elections listed here on its social media platforms. Please note that Russia, Azerbaijan, and Belarus are rated as “authoritarian regimes” by the Economist Democracy Index and elections tend to be neither free nor fair.
| 2020 | ||
| 🇬🇬 Guernsey | Parliament | 7 October |
| 🇨🇿 Czechia | National parliament (upper house) (2nd round) | 9-10 October |
| 🇱🇹 Lithuania | National parliament (first round) | 11 October |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Vienna regional parliament | 11 October |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Aargau regional parliament | 18 October |
| 🇱🇹 Lithuania | National parliament (second round) | 25 October |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Basel-Stadt regional parliament | 25 October |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | Azores regional parliament | 25 October |
| 🇬🇪 Georgia | National parliament | 31 October |
| 🇲🇩 Moldova | Presidential (1st round) | 1 November |
| 🇲🇩 Moldova | Presidential (2nd round) | 15 November |
| 🇬🇪 Georgia | National parliament (2nd round) | 21 November |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | National referendum | 29 November |
| 🇷🇴 Romania | National parliament | 6 December |
| 2021 | ||
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | Presidential | 24 January |
| 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein | National parliament | 7 February |
| 🇽🇰 Kosovo | Parliament | 14 February |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | Catalonia regional parliament | 14 February |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Valais regional parliament and government (first round) Solothurn regional parliament and government (first round) National referenda | 7 March |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Baden-Württemberg regional parliament Rhineland-Palatinate regional parliament | 14 March |
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands | National parliament | 17 March |
| 🇺🇦 Ukraine | 50th constituency Donetsk Oblast national parliament by-election 87th constituency Donetsk Oblast national parliament by-election | 28 March |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Valais regional government (second round) | 28 March |
| 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | National parliament | 4 April |
| 🇬🇱 Greenland (Denmark) | Parliament | 6 April |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Neuchâtel regional parliament and government (first round) | 18 April |
| 🇦🇱 Albania | National parliament | 25 April |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Solothurn regional government (second round) | 25 April |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | Madrid regional parliament | 4 May |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Wales regional parliament Scotland regional parliament Hartlepool national parliament by-election | 6 May |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Neuchâtel regional government (second round) | 9 May |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Airdrie & Shotts national parliament by-election | 13 May |
| 🇨🇾 Cyprus | National parliament | 30 May |
| 🇫🇷 France | 3rd district of Indre-et-Loire national parliament by-election 6th district of Pas-de-Calais national parliament by-election 1st district of Oise national parliament by-election 15th district of Paris national parliament by-election | 30 May |
| 🇱🇻 Latvia | Local | 5 June |
| 🇫🇷 France | 3rd district of Indre-et-Loire national parliament by-election 6th district of Pas-de-Calais national parliament by-election 1st district of Oise national parliament by-election 15th district of Paris national parliament by-election | 6 June |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Saxony-Anhalt regional parliament | 6 June |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | National referenda | 13 June |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Chesham & Amersham national parliament by-election | 17 June |
| 🇫🇷 France | Grand Est regional parliament Nouvelle-Aquitaine regional parliament Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes regional parliament Bourgogne-Franche-Comté regional parliament Brittany regional parliament Centre-Val de Loire regional parliament Corsica territorial parliament French Guiana territorial parliament Guadeloupe regional parliament Île-de-France regional parliament Occitanie regional parliament Réunion regional parliament Martinique territorial parliament Hauts-de-France regional parliament Normandy regional parliament Pays de la Loire regional parliament Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur regional parliament | 20 June |
| 🇦🇲 Armenia | National parliament | 20 June |
| 🇬🇮 Gibraltar | Referendum | 24 June |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Batley and Spen national parliament by-election | 1 July |
| 🇮🇪 Ireland | Dublin Bay South by-election | 8 July |
| 🇲🇩 Moldova | National parliament | 11 July |
| 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | National parliament | 11 July |
| 🇪🇪 Estonia | Presidential (indirect) | 30 August |
| 🇳🇴 Norway | National parliament | 12 and 13 September |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | House of Representatives (Camera), Siena House of Representatives (Camera), Roma – Primavalle | 3-4 October |
| 🇷🇺 Russia | Tula regional President Belgorod regional President Republic of Mordovia regional President Republic of Adygea regional parliament Republic of Ingushetia regional parliament Republic of Karelia regional parliament Republic of Mordovia regional parliament Chechen Republic regional parliament Chuvash Republic regional parliament Altai regional parliament Republic of Dagestan regional parliament Tver regional President Chechen Republic regional President Ulyanovsk regional President Khabarovsk regional President Republic of Tuva regional President Kamchatka regional parliament Krasnoyarsk regional parliament Perm regional parliament Primorye regional parliament Stavropol regional parliament Amur regional parliament Astrakhan regional parliament Vologod regional parliament Kaliningrad regional parliament Kirov regional parliament Kursk regional parliament Leningrad oblast regional parliament Lipetsk regional parliament Moscow Oblast regional parliament Murmansk regional parliament Nizhny Novgorod regional parliament Veliky Novgorod regional parliament Omsk regional parliament Orenburg regional parliament Orlov regional parliament Pskov regional parliament Samara regional parliament Sverdlovsk regional parliament Tambov regional parliament Tyumen regional parliament Saint Petersburg regional parliament Jewish Autonomous Oblast regional parliament Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Oblast regional parliament Chukotsky Autonomous Oblast regional parliament National parliament | 19 September |
| 🇮🇲 Isle of Man | Parliament | 23 September |
| 🇮🇸 Iceland | National parliament | 25 September |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Upper Austria regional parliament | 26 September |
| 🇫🇷 France | Senatorial elections for French people living outside France (6 seats) | 26 September |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | National parliament Berlin regional parliament Mecklenburg-Vorpommern regional parliament | 26 September |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | Local | 26 September |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Abortion referendum | 26 September |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | National referenda: 99% Initiative, Marriage For All | 26 September |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Fribourg – national parliament by-election (first round) | 26 September |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Local (first round): Calabria, Milan, Naples, Rome | 3-4 October |
| 🇨🇿 Czechia | National parliament | 8-9 October |
| 🇪🇪 Estonia | All regional parliaments | 17 October |
| 🇽🇰 Kosovo | Local (first round) | 17 October |
| 🇲🇰 North Macedonia | Local (first round) | 17 October |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Local (second round): Rome, Turin | 17-18 October |
| 🇲🇰 North Macedonia | Local (second round) | 31 October |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Fribourg regional parliament and government (first round) | 7 November |
| 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | Presidential (first round) National parliament | 14 November |
| 🇽🇰 Kosovo | Local (second round) | 14 November |
| 🇩🇰 Denmark | Local: Copenhagen Regional | 16 November |
| 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | Presidential (second round) | 21 November |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | National referenda Fribourg regional parliament and government (second round) | 28 November |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Old Bexley and Sidcup national parliament by-election | 2 December |
| 🇬🇧 UK | North Shropshire national parliament by-election | 16 December |
| 2024 | ||
| 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein | Electronic health record referendum Building regulations referendum Photovoltaic requirement referendum | 21 January |
| 🇫🇮 Finland | Presidential (first round) | 28 January |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | Azores regional parliament | 4 February |
| 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan* | Presidential | 7 February |
| 🇫🇮 Finland | Presidential (second round) | 11 February |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | National parliament election in parts of Berlin | 11 February |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Kingswood national parliament by-election Wellingborough national parliament by-election | 15 February |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | Galicia regional parliament | 18 February |
| 🇧🇾 Belarus* | National parliament | 25 February |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Sardinia regional election (parliament + president) | 25 February |
“Involvement of the people in appointing the government” referendum Rochdale national parliament by-election | 25 February 29 February | |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | 13th OASI pension payment referendum Retirement age referendum Schwytz regional parliament and government (first round) St. Gall regional parliament and government (first round) Uri regional parliament and government (first round) Basle-City regional government by-election (first round) | 3 March |
| 🇮🇪 Ireland | Care amendment national referendum Family amendment national referendum | 8 March |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Abruzzo regional election (parliament + president) | 10 March |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | National parliament | 10 March |
| 🇷🇺 Russia* | Presidential (first round) | 17 March |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | March |
| 🇸🇰 Slovakia | President (first round) | 23 March |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Glarus regional government by-election (second round) | 23 March |
| 🇲🇹 Malta | Presidential (indirect) | 27 March |
| 🇹🇷 Türkiye | Local (incl. Ankara and Istanbul) | 31 March |
| 🇸🇰 Slovakia | President (second round) | 6 April |
| 🇵🇱 Poland | Lower Silesia regional parliament Kuyavia-Pomerania regional parliament Lublin regional parliament Lubusz regional parliament Łódź regional parliament Lesser Poland regional parliament Masovia regional parliament Opole regional parliament Subcarpathian regional parliament Podlaskie regional parliament Pomerania regional parliament Silesia regional parliament Świętokrzyskie regional parliament Warmia-Masuria regional parliament Greater Poland regional parliament West Pomerania regional parliament Local (Warsaw (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) | 7 April |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Thurgovia regional parliament and government Basle-City regional government by-election (second round) | 7 April |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | St. Gall regional government (second round) | 14 April |
| 🇭🇷 Croatia | National parliament | 17 April |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Uri regional parliament and government (second round) | 21 April |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Basilicata regional election (parliament + president) | 21-22 April |
| 🇲🇰 North Macedonia | Presidential (first round) | 24 April |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Appenzell Inner-Rhodes regional government | 28 April |
| 🇮🇪 Ireland | Administrative panel national parliament (upper house) by-election | 29 April |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Local (incl. London mayoral) Blackpool South national parliament by-election | 2 May |
| 🇲🇰 North Macedonia | Presidential (second round) | 8 May |
| 🇲🇰 North Macedonia | National parliament | 8 May |
| 🇱🇹 Lithuania | Presidential (first round) Dual citizenship constitutional referendum | 12 May |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | Catalonia regional parliament | 12 May |
| 🇱🇹 Lithuania | Presidential (second round) | 26 May |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | Madeira regional parliament | 26 May |
| 🇮🇸 Iceland | Presidential | 1 June |
| 🇷🇸 Serbia | Local (Belgrade (parliament) + nationwide) | 2 June |
| 🇪🇺 European Union | European Parliament | 6-9 June |
| 🇮🇪 Ireland | Local (Dublin (parliament) + Limerick (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) | 7 June |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Piedmont regional election (parliament + president) | 8-9 June |
| 🇲🇹 Malta | Local (Valetta + nationwide) | 8 June |
| 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | National parliament | 9 June |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Health insurance premiums’ relief (Initiative) Lower premiums (Initiative) Stop compulsory vaccination (Initiative) Energy Act & Electricity Supply Act (Amendment) | 9 June |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | National parliament | 9 June |
| 🇧🇪 Belgium | National parliament | 9 June |
| 🇧🇪 Belgium | Brussels regional parliament Flanders regional parliament Flemish Community regional parliament (indirect) French Community regional parliament (indirect) German-speaking Community regional parliament Wallonia regional parliament | 9 June |
| 🇨🇾 Cyprus | Famagusta regional president Larnaca regional president Limassol regional president Nicosia regional president Paphos regional president Local (Nicosia (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) | 9 June |
| 🇷🇴 Romania | Local (Bucharest + nationwide) Bacău County regional parliament and president Botoșani County regional parliament and president Iași County regional parliament and president Neamț County regional parliament and president Suceava County regional parliament and president Vaslui County regional parliament and president Brăila County regional parliament and president Buzău County regional parliament and president Constanța County regional parliament and president Galați County regional parliament and president Tulcea County regional parliament and president Vrancea County regional parliament and president Argeș County regional parliament and president Călărași County regional parliament and president Dâmbovița County regional parliament and president Giurgiu County regional parliament and president Ialomița County regional parliament and president Prahova County regional parliament and president Teleorman County regional parliament and president Dolj County regional parliament and president Gorj County regional parliament and president Mehedinți County regional parliament and president Olt County regional parliament and president Vâlcea County regional parliament and president Arad County regional parliament and president Caraș-Severin County regional parliament and president Hunedoara County regional parliament and president Timiș County regional parliament and president Bihor County regional parliament and president Bistrița-Năsăud County regional parliament and president Cluj County regional parliament and president Maramureș County regional parliament and president Satu Mare County regional parliament and president Sălaj County regional parliament and president Alba County regional parliament and president Brașov County regional parliament and president Covasna County regional parliament and president Harghita County regional parliament and president Mureș County regional parliament and president Sibiu County regional parliament and president Ilfov County regional parliament and president Bucharest regional parliament and president | 9 June |
| 🇭🇺 Hungary | Local (Budapest (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) Budapest regional president and parliament Baranya regional parliament Bács-Kiskun regional parliament Békés regional parliament Csongrád-Csanád regional parliament Fejér regional parliament Győr-Moson-Sopron regional parliament Hajdú-Bihar regional parliament Heves regional parliament Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok regional parliament Komárom-Esztergom regional parliament Nógrád regional parliament Pest regional parliament Somogy regional parliament Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg regional parliament Tolna regional parliament Vas regional parliament Veszprém regional parliament Zala regional parliament | 9 June |
| 🇸🇮 Slovenia | Euthanasia referendum Electoral reform referendum Cannabis referendum | 9 June |
| 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein | State hospital’s credit referendum | 16 June |
| 🇫🇷 France | National parliament | 30 June |
| 🇬🇧 UK | National parliament | 4 July |
| 🇫🇷 France | National parliament (second round) | 7 July |
| 🇵🇱 Poland | Constituency 13 national parliament (upper house) by-election | 21 July |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Shaffhouse government (first round) | 18 August |
| 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein | Local (Vaduz mayor by-election) | 25 August |
| 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan* | National parliament | 1 September |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Saxony regional parliament Thuringia regional parliament | 1 September |
| 🇷🇺 Russia* | Altai Republic regional parliament + president Astrakhan regional president Bryansk Oblast regional parliament Chelyabinsk Oblast regional president Kabardino-Balkarian Republic regional parliament Karachay-Cherkess Republic regional parliament Khabarovsk region regional parliament Kurgan Oblast regional president Kursk Oblast regional president Lipetsk regional president Mari El Republic regional parliament Moscow regional parliament Murmansk regional president Orenburg Oblast regional president Republic of Bashkortostan regional president Republic of Kalmykia regional president Republic of Tatarstan regional parliament Sakhalin regional president Saint Petersburg regional president Stavropol Krai regional president Transbaikal Oblast regional president Tula Oblast regional parliament Tuva Republic regional parliament Volgograd regional parliament + president Vologda regional president | 8 September |
| 🇨🇿 Czechia | National parliament (upper house, first round) Central Bohemia regional parliament South Bohemia regional parliament Plzeň regional parliament Karlovy Vary regional parliament Ústí nad Labem regional parliament Liberec regional parliament Hradec Králové regional parliament Pardubice regional parliament Vysočina regional parliament South Moravia regional parliament Olomouc regional parliament Zlín regional parliament Moravian-Silesia regional parliament | 20-21 September |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Nature and landscape biodiversity (Initiative) Reform of Occupational Pension Act (Amendment) Shaffhouse regional parliament | 22 September |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Brandenburg regional parliament | 22 September |
| 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein | IMF accession referendum | 22 September |
| 🇨🇿 Czechia | National parliament (upper house, second round) | 27-28 September |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | National parliament | 29 September |
| 🇲🇪 Montenegro | Local (Podgorica) | 29 September |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | September |
| 🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina | Local (Sarajevo + nationwide) | 6 October |
| 🇱🇹 Lithuania | National parliament | 13 October |
| 🇧🇪 Belgium | Local (Brussels + nationwide) | 13 October |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Vorarlberg regional parliament | 13 October |
| 🇲🇩 Moldova | Presidential EU accession referendum | 20 October |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Aargau regional parliament and government (first round) Basle-City regional parliament and government (first round) | 20 October |
| 🇬🇪 Georgia | National parliament Adjara regional parliament | 26 October |
| 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | National parliament | 27 October |
| 🇱🇹 Lithuania | National parliament (second round) | 27 October |
| 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein | Privatisation of public radio broadcaster Radio L referendum | 27 October |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Liguria regional election (parliament + president) | 27-28 October |
| 🇲🇩 Moldova | Presidential (second round) | 3 November |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Alderney regional parliament | 16 November |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Umbria regional election (parliament + president) Emilia Romagna regional election (parliament + president) | 17-18 November |
| 🇷🇴 Romania | Presidential (first round) | 24 November |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Expansion programme for the national highways (Federal Decree) referendum Swiss Code of Obligations – Tenancy law: subletting (Amendment) referendum Swiss Code of Obligations –Tenancy law: termination to permit personal use (Amendment) referendum Health insurance Act – Standardised financing of benefits (Amendment) referendum Basle-City government (second round) Local (incl. Federal City of Berne (mayoral, city government, parliament), but not nationwide) | 24 November |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Styria regional parliament | 24 November |
| 🇮🇪 Ireland | National parliament | 29 November |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Alderney regional president | 30 November |
| 🇮🇸 Iceland | National parliament | 30 November |
| 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein | State pension fund referendum | 1 December |
| 🇷🇴 Romania | National parliament | 1 December |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Guernsey regional parliament (Alderney representatives) | 7 December |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Sark regional parliament | 11 December |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Presidential Vice Presidential | 11 December |
| 🇬🇪 Georgia | Presidential | 14 December |
| 🇭🇷 Croatia | Presidential | 29 December |