The table below considers European Parliament elections, national parliament, and presidential elections in European states and territories, including national parliament by-elections. It includes all regional elections and some local elections where these are held on a national basis or involve a capital city. “National parliament” in bicameral systems refers to the lower house unless specified otherwise.
Elections printed boldly have a direct or indirect impact on the European Council. The tilde (~) indicates that the election will occur in or around that month and no election date has been set yet. If only a month is mentioned, the election will take place in the month, but no date has been set yet.
Elections in states marked with the asterisks (*) are not considered free or fair.
EU, national parliament, and presidential as well as regional elections in any federation and in unitary states with more than 40 million inhabitants are covered live on our social media. Local elections are also covered if the capital region is involved.
| 2025 | ||
| 🇭🇷 Croatia | Presidential (second round) | 12 January |
| 🇫🇷 France | Isère’s 1st constituency national parliament by-election (first round) | 12 January |
| 🇭🇺 Hungary | Tolna County district 2 national parliament by-election | 12 January |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Burgenland regional parliament | 19 January |
| 🇫🇷 France | Isère’s 1st constituency national parliament by-election (second round) | 19 January |
| 🇬🇷 Greece | Presidential (indirect, first round) | 25 January |
| 🇧🇾 Belarus* | Presidential | 26 January |
| 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan* | Local (Baku (parliament) + nationwide) | 29 January |
| 🇬🇷 Greece | Presidential (indirect, second round) | 31 January |
| 🇫🇷 France | Hauts-de-Seine’s 9th constituency national parliament by-election (first round) | 2 February |
| 🇬🇷 Greece | Presidential (indirect, third round) | 6 February |
| 🇫🇷 France | Hauts-de-Seine’s 9th constituency national parliament by-election (second round) | 9 February |
| 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein | National parliament | 9 February |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Environmental Responsibility (Initiative) referendum | 9 February |
| 🇽🇰 Kosovo | National parliament | 9 February |
| 🇬🇷 Greece | Presidential (indirect, fourth round) | 12 February |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | National parliament | 23 February |
| 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan* | Autonomous Republic of Nakhchivan regional parliament | ~February |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Hamburg regional parliament | 2 March |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Valais regional parliament and government | 2 March |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Solothurn regional parliament and government (first round) | 9 March |
| 🇬🇱 Greenland (Denmark) | Parliament | 11 March |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Head of State (Federal Council) by-election | 12 March |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | Madeira regional parliament | 23 March |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Neuchâtel regional parliament and government | 23 March |
| 🇫🇷 France | Jura’s 2nd constituency national parliament by-election (first round) | 30 March |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | March |
| 🇫🇷 France | Jura’s 2nd constituency national parliament by-election (potential second round) | 6 April |
| 🇫🇮 Finland | Local | 13 April |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Solothurn regional government (second round) | 13 April |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Vienna local (parliament) and regional parliament | 27 April |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Appenzell Inner-Rhodes regional government | 27 April |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Local Runcorn and Helsby national parliament by-election | 1 May |
| 🇷🇴 Romania | Presidential (first round) | 4 May |
| 🇻🇦 Vatican City | Papal conclave | 7-8 May |
| 🇦🇱 Albania | National parliament | 11 May |
| 🇭🇷 Croatia | City of Zagreb regional parliament and president Istria regional regional parliament and president Primorje-Gorski Kotar regional parliament and president Dubrovnik-Neretva regional parliament and president Varaždin regional parliament and president Zadar regional parliament and president Međimurje regional parliament and president Šibenik-Knin regional parliament and president Zagreb County regional parliament and president Split-Dalmatia regional parliament and president Lika-Senj regional parliament and president Osijek-Baranja regional parliament and president Koprivnica-Križevci regional parliament and president Sisak-Moslavina regional parliament and president Karlovac regional parliament and president Bjelovar-Bilogora regional parliament and president Krapina-Zagorje regional parliament and president Vukovar-Syrmia regional parliament and president Požega-Slavonia regional parliament and president Brod-Posavina regional parliament and president Virovitica-Podravina regional parliament and president Local (Zagreb (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) | 18 May |
| 🇫🇷 France | Saône-et-Loire’s 5th constituency national parliament by-election (first round) | 18 May |
| 🇵🇱 Poland | Presidential (first round) | 18 May |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | National parliament | 18 May |
| 🇷🇴 Romania | Presidential (second round) | 18 May |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Thurgovia regional government by-election | 18 May |
| 🇫🇷 France | Saône-et-Loire’s 5th constituency national parliament by-election (second round) | 25 May |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Local (first round) | 25-26 May |
| 🇵🇱 Poland | Presidential (second round) | 1 June |
| 🇱🇻 Latvia | Local (Riga (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) | 7 June |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Local (second round) Referendums | 8-9 June |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Zug regional government by-election (first round) | 15 June |
| 🇬🇬 Guernsey | Parliament | 18 June |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Schaffhouse national parliament (upper house) by-election | 29 June |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Zug regional government by-election (second round) | 10 August |
| 🇳🇴 Norway | National parliament | 8 September |
| 🇷🇺 Russia* | Biysk national parliament by-election Skopin national parliament by-election Krasnodar national parliament by-election Samara national parliament by-election Arkhangelsk Oblast regional president Belgorod Oblast regional parliament Bryansk Oblast regional president Chelyabinsk Oblast regional parliament Chuvashia regional president Irkutsk Oblast regional president Jewish Autonomous Oblast regional president Kaluga Oblast regional parliament + president Kamchatka Krai regional president Komi Republic regional parliament + president Kostroma Oblast regional parliament + president Krasnodar Krai regional president Kurgan Oblast regional parliament Kursk Oblast regional president Leningrad Oblast regional president Magadan Oblast regional parliament Novosibirsk Oblast regional parliament Perm Krai regional president Rostov Oblast regional president Ryazan Oblast regional parliament Tambov Oblast regional president Tatarstan regional president Voronezh Oblast regional parliament Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug regional parliament | 14 September |
| 🇫🇷 France | Paris’s 2nd constituency national parliament by-election (first round) | 21 September |
| 🇫🇷 France | Paris’s 2nd constituency national parliament by-election (second round) | 28 September |
| 🇫🇷 France | Voters abroad 5th constituency national parliament by-election (first round) | 28 September |
| 🇲🇩 Moldova | National parliament | 28 September |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Cantonal property tax on second homes (Federal Decree) referendum Electronic identity (e-ID) scheme (Act) referendum Geneva regional government by-election (first round) | 28 September |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Aosta Valley regional parliament | 28 September |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Marche regional election (parliament + president) | 28-29 September |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | 1 October |
| 🇨🇿 Czechia | National parliament | 3-4 October |
| 🇬🇪 Georgia | Local (Tbilisi + nationwide) | 4 October |
| 🇫🇷 France | Tarn-et-Garonne’s 1st constituency national parliament by-election (first round) | 5 October |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Calabria regional parliament | 5-6 October |
| 🇫🇷 France | Voters abroad 5th constituency national parliament by-election (second round) | 12 October |
| 🇫🇷 France | Tarn-et-Garonne’s 1st constituency national parliament by-election (second round) | 12 October |
| 🇽🇰 Kosovo | Local (Pristina (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) | 12 October |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | Local (mayor + parliament) | 12 October |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Tuscany regional election (parliament + president) | 12-13 October |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Jura regional parliament and government (first round) Geneva regional government by-election (potential second round) | 19 October |
| 🇪🇪 Estonia | Local (Tallinn (parliament) + nationwide) | 19 October |
| 🇮🇪 Ireland | Presidential | 24 October |
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands | National parliament | 29 October |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Jura regional government (potential second round) | 9 November |
| 🇩🇰 Denmark | Capital Region of Denmark regional parliament Central Denmark Region regional parliament North Denmark Region regional parliament Region Zealand regional parliament Region of Southern Denmark regional parliament Local (Copenhagen (parliament) + nationwide) | 18 November |
| 🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina | Republika Srpska regional president | 23 November |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Apulia regional election (parliament + president) | 23-24 November |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Campania regional election (parliament + president) | 23-24 November |
| 🇲🇰 North Macedonia | Local (Skopje (parliament) + nationwide) | 26 October |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 30 November |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Veneto regional election (parliament + president) | by November |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Local | ~November |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Presidential Vice Presidential | 10 December |
| 2026 | ||
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | Presidential | January |
| 🇽🇰 Kosovo | Presidential (indirect) | by 4 March |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 8 March |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Baden-Württemberg regional parliament | 8 March |
| 🇫🇷 France | Local (Paris (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) (first round) | 15 March |
| 🇫🇷 France | Local (Paris (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) (second round) | 22 March |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Rheinland-Pfalz regional parliament | 22 March |
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands | Local (Amsterdam (parliament)) | ~March |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | March |
| 🇸🇮 Slovenia | National parliament | by 24 April |
| 🇭🇺 Hungary | National parliament | ~April |
| 🇲🇩 Moldova | Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia regional parliament | ~April |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Scottish regional parliament Welsh regional parliament | by 7 May |
| 🇨🇾 Cyprus | National parliament | ~May |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 14 June |
| 🇮🇸 Iceland | Local (Reykjavík (parliament) + nationwide) | ~June |
| 🇦🇲 Armenia | National parliament | ~June |
| 🇯🇪 Jersey (UK) | Parliament | by June |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Saxony Anhalt regional parliament | 6 September |
| 🇸🇪 Sweden | National parliament | 13 September |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Berlin local and regional parliament | 20 September |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Mecklenburg- Vorpommern regional parliament | 20 September |
| 🇷🇺 Russia* | National parliament | by 26 September |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 27 September |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | September |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Isle of Man parliament | by September |
| 🇪🇪 Estonia | Presidential (indirect) | by 2 October |
| 🇱🇻 Latvia | National parliament | by 3 October |
| 🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina | National parliament Presidential (Bosnia, Serb, Croat) Regional parliaments | 4 October |
| 🇩🇰 Denmark | National parliament | by 31 October |
| 🇨🇿 Czechia | National parliament (upper house, first round) | ~October |
| 🇲🇪 Montenegro | Local elections (incl. Podgorica) | ~October |
| 🇸🇰 Slovakia | Local (Bratislava (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) Bratislavský kraj regional election (parliament + president) Trnavský kraj regional election (parliament + president) Trenčiansky kraj regional election (parliament + president) Nitriansky kraj regional election (parliament + president) Žilinský kraj regional election (parliament + president) Banskobystrický kraj regional election (parliament + president) Prešovský Kraj regional election (parliament + president) Košický kraj regional election (parliament + president) | ~October |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 29 November |
| 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | Presidential | ~November |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Alderney regional parliament | ~November |
| 🇩🇰 Denmark | Faroe parliament | by December |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Sark regional parliament | ~December |
| 2027 | ||
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 28 February |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Calabria regional election (parliament + president) | February |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Presidential | ~March |
| 🇪🇪 Estonia | National parliament | by 7 March |
| 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein | Local (Vaduz (mayor, parliament + nationwide, first round) | ~March |
| 🇱🇹 Lithuania | Local (Vilnius (mayor, parliament) + nationwide) | ~March |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Saarland regional parliament | ~March |
| 🇭🇺 Hungary | Presidential | ~March |
| 🇲🇹 Malta | National parliament | ~March |
| 🇲🇨 Monaco | Local (Montecarlo (parliament) + nationwide) | ~March |
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands | Drenthe regional parliament Flevoland regional parliament Friesland regional parliament Gelderland regional parliament Groningen regional parliament Limburg regional parliament North Brabant regional parliament North Holland regional parliament Overijssel regional parliament South Holland regional parliament Utrecht regional parliament Zeeland regional parliament | ~March |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | March |
| 🇫🇮 Finland | National parliament | 18 April |
| 🇦🇩 Andorra | National parliament | ~April |
| 🇫🇷 France | Presidential election (first round) | ~April |
| 🇲🇩 Moldova | Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia regional president | ~April |
| 🇷🇸 Serbia | Presidential | by 25 April |
| 🇦🇱 Albania | Local (Tirana (mayor, parliament) + nationwide) | ~May |
| 🇦🇱 Albania | Presidential (indirect) | ~May |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Bremen regional parliament North Rhine-Westphalia regional parliament Schleswig-Holstein regional parliament | ~May |
| 🇱🇻 Latvia | Presidential | ~May |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 6 June |
| 🇬🇷 Greece | National parliament | ~June |
| 🇲🇪 Montenegro | National parliament | ~June |
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands | National parliament (upper house) – Senate (indirect) | ~June |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | Local (Madrid + nationwide) Aragon regional parliament Asturias regional parliament Balearic Islands regional parliament Canary Islands regional parliament Cantabria regional parliament Castile-La Mancha regional parliament Extremadura regional parliament La Rioja regional parliament Madrid regional parliament Murcia regional parliament Navarre regional parliament Valencia regional parliament | ~May |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | National parliament | by 22 August |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | September |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Upper Austria regional parliament | ~September |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Sicily regional election (parliament + president) | ~September |
| 🇳🇴 Norway | Local (incl. Oslo) | ~September |
| 🇸🇰 Slovakia | National parliament | ~September |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | National parliament | ~September |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | National parliament (lower house) Referendums | 24 October |
| 🇸🇮 Slovenia | Presidential | ~October |
| 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | Local ((first round) Sofia (mayor, parliament) + nationwide)) | ~October |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Lower Saxony regional parliament | ~October |
| 🇵🇱 Poland | National parliament | by 11 November |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 28 November |
| 🇲🇩 Moldova | Regional parliaments | ~November |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | National parliament | by 22 December |
| 🇷🇸 Serbia | National parliament | by 31 December |
| 🇷🇸 Serbia | Local | ~December |
| 2028 | ||
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Lower Austria regional parliament | ~January |
| 🇨🇿 Czechia | Presidential | ~January |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 13 February |
| 🇧🇾 Belarus* | National parliament | ~February |
| 🇧🇾 Belarus* | Local (Minsk + nationwide) | ~February |
| 🇨🇾 Cyprus | Presidential | ~February |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Lazio regional election (parliament + president) Lombardy regional election (parliament + president) | ~February |
| 🇲🇨 Monaco | National parliament | ~February |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | Galicia regional parliament | by 25 March |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Carinthia regional parliament | ~March |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Salzburg regional parliament | ~March |
| 🇲🇪 Montenegro | Presidential | ~March |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | March |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Schwytz regional parliament and government (first round) St. Gall regional parliament and government (first round) Uri regional parliament and government (first round) Thurgovia regional parliament and government Appenzell Inner-Rhodes regional government (first round) | ~March |
| 🇭🇷 Croatia | National parliament | by April |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Friuli-Venezia Giulia regional election (parliament + president) | ~April |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Geneva regional parliament and government (first round) | ~April |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 21 May |
| 🇹🇷 Türkiye | Presidential National parliament | ~May |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Local (incl. London (mayor)) | ~May |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | Catalonia regional parliament | by 26 June |
| 🇫🇷 France | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes regional parliament Bourgogne-Franche-Comté regional parliament Brittany regional parliament Centre-Val de Loire regional parliament Corsica regional parliament Grand Est regional parliament Île-de-France regional parliament Occitanie regional parliament Hauts-de-France regional parliament Normandy regional parliament Nouvelle-Aquitaine regional parliament Pays de la Loire regional parliament Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur regional parliament | ~June |
| 🇮🇸 Iceland | Presidential | ~June |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Molise regional election (parliament + president) | ~June |
| 🇷🇴 Romania | Local (Bucharest + nationwide) Bacău County regional parliament and president Botoșani County regional parliament and president Iași County regional parliament and president Neamț County regional parliament and president Suceava County regional parliament and president Vaslui County regional parliament and president Brăila County regional parliament and president Buzău County regional parliament and president Constanța County regional parliament and president Galați County regional parliament and president Tulcea County regional parliament and president Vrancea County regional parliament and president Argeș County regional parliament and president Călărași County regional parliament and president Dâmbovița County regional parliament and president Giurgiu County regional parliament and president Ialomița County regional parliament and president Prahova County regional parliament and president Teleorman County regional parliament and president Dolj County regional parliament and president Gorj County regional parliament and president Mehedinți County regional parliament and president Olt County regional parliament and president Vâlcea County regional parliament and president Arad County regional parliament and president Caraș-Severin County regional parliament and president Hunedoara County regional parliament and president Timiș County regional parliament and president Bihor County regional parliament and president Bistrița-Năsăud County regional parliament and president Cluj County regional parliament and president Maramureș County regional parliament and president Satu Mare County regional parliament and president Sălaj County regional parliament and president Alba County regional parliament and president Brașov County regional parliament and president Covasna County regional parliament and president Harghita County regional parliament and president Mureș County regional parliament and president Sibiu County regional parliament and president Ilfov County regional parliament and president Bucharest regional parliament and president | ~June |
| 🇷🇸 Serbia | Local | ~June |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Shaffhouse regional government (first round) | ~August |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 24 September |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | September |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Shaffhouse regional parliament | ~September |
| 🇱🇹 Lithuania | National parliament (first round) | by 8 October |
| 🇱🇹 Lithuania | National parliament (potential second round) | by 22 October |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | Azores regional parliament | by October |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Presidential | ~October |
| 🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina | Local (Sarajevo + nationwide) | ~October |
| 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | National parliament | ~October |
| 🇨🇿 Czechia | National parliament (upper house, first round) Central Bohemia regional parliament South Bohemia regional parliament Plzeň regional parliament Karlovy Vary regional parliament Ústí nad Labem regional parliament Liberec regional parliament Hradec Králové regional parliament Pardubice regional parliament Vysočina regional parliament South Moravia regional parliament Olomouc regional parliament Zlín regional parliament Moravian-Silesia regional parliament | ~October |
| 🇬🇪 Georgia | National parliament | ~October |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Bavaria regional parliament Hesse regional parliament | ~October |
| 🇬🇷 Greece | Local (incl. Athens) | ~October |
| 🇱🇺 Luxembourg | National parliament | ~October |
| 🇲🇩 Moldova | Presidential | ~October |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Aargau regional parliament and government (first round) Basle-City regional parliament and government (first round) | ~October |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 26 November |
| 🇮🇸 Iceland | National parliament | ~November |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Local (incl. Federal City of Berne (mayoral, city government, parliament), but not nationwide) | ~November |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Alderney regional parliament | ~November |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Sark regional parliament | ~December |
| 🇷🇴 Romania | National parliament | ~December |
| 2029 | ||
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Presidential | ~January |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Sardinia regional election (parliament + president) | by February |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 4 March |
| 🇹🇷 Türkiye | Local (incl. Ankara and Istanbul) | by 31 March |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Abruzzo regional election (parliament + president) | by March |
| 🇸🇰 Slovakia | President (first round) | by March |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | March |
| 🇦🇲 Armenia | Presidential (indirect) | ~March |
| 🇺🇦 Ukraine | Presidential (first round) | ~March |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Basilicata regional election (parliament + president) | ~April |
| 🇲🇹 Malta | Presidential (indirect) | ~April |
| 🇲🇰 North Macedonia | Presidential (first round) | ~April |
| 🇵🇱 Poland | Lower Silesia regional parliament Kuyavia-Pomerania regional parliament Lublin regional parliament Lubusz regional parliament Łódź regional parliament Lesser Poland regional parliament Masovia regional parliament Opole regional parliament Subcarpathian regional parliament Podlaskie regional parliament Pomerania regional parliament Silesia regional parliament Świętokrzyskie regional parliament Warmia-Masuria regional parliament Greater Poland regional parliament West Pomerania regional parliament Local (Warsaw (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) | by April |
| 🇸🇰 Slovakia | President (potential second round) | ~April |
| 🇱🇹 Lithuania | Presidential (first round) | ~May |
| 🇱🇹 Lithuania | Presidential (potential second round) | ~May |
| 🇲🇰 North Macedonia | Presidential (potential second round) National parliament | ~May |
| 🇪🇺 European Union | European Parliament | by 10 June |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 10 June |
| 🇧🇪 Belgium | National parliament | ~June |
| 🇧🇪 Belgium | Brussels regional parliament Flanders regional parliament Flemish Community regional parliament (indirect) French Community regional parliament (indirect) German-speaking Community regional parliament Wallonia regional parliament | ~June |
| 🇨🇾 Cyprus | Famagusta regional president Larnaca regional president Limassol regional president Nicosia regional president Paphos regional president Local (Nicosia (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) | ~June |
| 🇭🇺 Hungary | Local (Budapest (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) Budapest regional president and parliament Baranya regional parliament Bács-Kiskun regional parliament Békés regional parliament Csongrád-Csanád regional parliament Fejér regional parliament Győr-Moson-Sopron regional parliament Hajdú-Bihar regional parliament Heves regional parliament Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok regional parliament Komárom-Esztergom regional parliament Nógrád regional parliament Pest regional parliament Somogy regional parliament Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg regional parliament Tolna regional parliament Vas regional parliament Veszprém regional parliament Zala regional parliament | ~June |
| 🇮🇪 Ireland | Local (Dublin (parliament) + Limerick (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) | ~June |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Piedmont regional election (parliament + president) | ~June |
| 🇲🇹 Malta | Local (Valetta + nationwide) | ~June |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | National parliament | ~June |
| 🇫🇷 France | National parliament | by July |
| 🇬🇧 UK | National parliament | by 15 August |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 23 September |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | National parliament | ~September |
| 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan* | National parliament | ~September |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Saxony regional parliament Thuringia regional parliament Brandenburg regional parliament | ~September |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | September |
| 🇪🇪 Estonia | Local (Tallinn (parliament) + nationwide) | 21 October |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Vorarlberg regional parliament | ~October |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Liguria regional election (parliament + president) | ~October |
| 🇱🇺 Luxembourg | Local election | ~October |
| 🇧🇪 Belgium | Local (Brussels + nationwide) | 13 October |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 25 November |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Styria regional parliament | ~November |
| 🇮🇪 Ireland | National parliament | ~November |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Umbria regional election (parliament + president) Emilia Romagna regional election (parliament + president) | ~November |
| 🇭🇷 Croatia | Presidential (first round) | ~December |
| 🇬🇪 Georgia | Presidential (indirect) | ~December |
| 2030 | ||
| 🇫🇮 Finland | Presidential (first round) | by January |
| 🇭🇷 Croatia | Presidential (potential second round) | ~January |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 10 February |
| 🇫🇮 Finland | Presidential (potential second round) | by February |
| 🇷🇺 Russia* | Presidential (first round) | by March |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | March |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Hamburg regional parliament | ~April |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 19 May |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 22 September |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | September |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 24 November |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Alderney regional parliament | ~November |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Sark regional parliament | ~December |
| 2031 | ||
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 9 February |
| 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan* | Presidential | by February |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | March |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 18 May |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | September |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | National parliament (lower house) Referendums | 19 October |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Referendums | 30 November |
Notes: National level: The Vatican City is an absolute monarchy and only holds executive elections after the death or resignation of its leader. Andorra’s dual executive is appointed by executives of the Vatican City and directly elected through the Presidential elections in France. The executives of Belgium, Denmark, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom are hereditary and not elected. Due to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, elections are not scheduled at this moment and presidential elections in Ukraine originally scheduled for 31 March have been postponed.
Regional level: Andorra, Armenia, Bulgaria, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, North Macedonia, San Marino, Slovenia, Türkiye, and the Vatican City have no regional administration. Regional executives in Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan*, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czechia, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Aosta Vally, in all regions of Moldova except in the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, in parts of Russia*, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Türkiye, Ukraine and the United Kingdom are not directly elected. Cyprus does not have regional parliaments. Finland does not have regional executives.
Local level: Local (mayoral + parliament) election dates in Austria, Germany, Italy, Russia*, and the UK vary by subnational entity.
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