National Parliament Composition
National Poll Average
This poll average is the result of a smoothing cubic spline fitted to our dataset of all national polls collected in Germany. You can access the complete database of polls at https://europeelects.eu/data/
Government
| Head of State (President) | Frank-Walter Steinmeier (SPD-S&D) |
| Head of Government (Chancellor) | Olaf Scholz (SPD-S&D) |
| Parties in Government | Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD-S&D) Alliance ’90/The Greens (Greens/EFA) |
Parties
Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD)
Social Democratic Party of Germany
Leaders: Lars Klingbeil & Saskia Esken
Orientation: Centre-left (Poguntke et al., 2020)
EP Affiliation: S&D (S&D, PES, PA, SOC)
EU Stance: Strongly in favour of EU integration (Chapel-Hill data)
Years active: 1875-… (Scarrow, 2014, p. 54)
Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands (CDU)
Christian Democratic Union of Germany
Leader: Friedrich Merz
Orientation: Centre-right (Poguntke et al., 2020)
EP Affiliation: EPP (EPP-EP, EPP Party, CDI, IDU, EPP-PACE)
EU Stance: In favour of EU integration (Chapel-Hill data)
Years active: 1945-… (bpb, 2021)
Note: Registered in all regions (Bundesländer) but Bavaria; forms group in the national parliament and in PACE with CSU (EPP)
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen (GRÜNE)
Alliance ’90/The Greens
Leader: Ricarda Lang & Omid Nouripour
Orientation: Green politics (Poguntke et al., 2020)
EP Affiliation: Greens/EFA (Greens/EFA, EGP, GG, SOC)
EU Stance: Strongly in favour of EU integration (Chapel-Hill data)
Years active: 1980-… (bpb, 2021)
Freie Demokraten (FDP)
Free Democratic Party
Leader: Christian Lindner
Orientation: Liberal (Poguntke et al., 2020)
EP Affiliation: RE (RE, ALDE Party, LI, ALDE-PACE)
EU Stance: In favour of EU integration (Chapel-Hill data)
Years active: 1948-… (bpb, 2021)
Alternative für Deutschland (AfD)
Alternative for Germany
Leaders: Tino Chrupalla & Alice Weidel
Orientation: Far-right (Weisskircher, Manès; Doerr, Nicole.)
EP Affiliation: ESN (ESN, ESN Party, EC/DA)
EU Stance: Opposed to EU integration (Chapel-Hill data)
Years active: 2013-… (bpb, 2021)
Die Linke (Linke)
The Left
Leader: Janine Wissler & Martin Schirdewan
Orientation: Left-wing (Poguntke et al., 2020)
EP Affiliation: LEFT (LEFT, EL, UEL)
EU Stance: Neutral towards EU integration (Chapel-Hill data)
Years active: 1946-… (Welt)
Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern e. V. (CSU)
Christian Social Union in Bavaria
Leader: Markus Söder
Orientation: Centre-right (Poguntke et al., 2020)
EP Affiliation: EPP (EPP-EP, EPP Party, IDU, EPP-PACE)
EU Stance: In favour of EU integration (Chapel-Hill data)
Years active: 1945-… (bpb, 2021)
Note: Registered only in the region (Bundesland) of Bavaria; forms group in the national parliament and in PACE with CDU (EPP)
Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht – Für Vernunft und Gerechtigkeit (BSW)
Alliance Sahra Wagenknecht – For Reason and Justice
Leaders: Sahra Wagenknecht and Amira Mohamed Ali
Orientation: Diverse (Debus, 2024)
EP Affiliation: NI (NI-EP, UEL)
EU Stance: Somewhat opposed to EU integration
Years active: 2023-…
Volt Deutschland (Volt)
Volt Germany
Leader: Connor Geiger & Rebekka Müller
Orientation: Eurofederalism, social liberalism
EP Affiliation: Greens/EFA (Greens/EFA, Volt)
EU Stance: Strongly in favour of EU integration
Years active: 2018-… (bpb, 2021)
Die PARTEI Partei für Arbeit, Rechtsstaat, Tierschutz, Elitenförderung und basisdemokratische Initiative (Die PARTEI)
Party for Labour, Rule of Law, Animal Protection, Promotion of Elites and Grassroots Democratic Initiative
Leader: Martin Sonneborn
Orientation: Left-wing, Satire
EP Affiliation: NI (NI-EP)
EU Stance: Strongly in favour of EU integration
Years active: 2004-… (bpb, 2021)
Piratenpartei Deutschland (Piraten)
Pirate Party Germany
Leader: Lukas Küffner
Orientation: Pirate politics, social liberalism
EP Affiliation: Greens/EFA (Greens/EFA, PPEU, PPI)
EU Stance: Strongly in favour of EU integration (Chapel-Hill data)
Years active: 2006-… (bpb, 2021)
Partei Mensch Umwelt Tierschutz (Tierschutzpartei)
Human Environmental Animal Protection Party
Leader: Paula López Vicente, Marcel Krohn & Robert Gabel
Orientation: Left-wing, Green politics with focus on animal rights
EP Affiliation: LEFT (Animal Politics EU, PftAIM)
EU Stance: Somewhat in favour of EU integration (Chapel-Hill data)
Years active: 1993-… (bpb, 2021)
Deutsche Zentrumspartei (Zentrum)
German Centre Party
Leader: Christian Otte
Orientation: Conservative
EP Affiliation: ~NI (history with NI-EP)
EU Stance: Somewhat in favour of EU integration (Manifesto)
Years active: 1870-… (bpb, 2020)
Bündnis Deutschland (BD)
Alliance Germany
Leader: Steffen Große
Orientation: National-conservative
EP Affiliation: ~ ECR (history with ECR-EP)
EU Stance: Somewhat opposed to EU integration
Years active: 2022-…
