National Parliament Composition
National Poll Average
This poll average is the result of a smoothing cubic spline fitted to our dataset of all national polls collected in the Netherlands. You can access the complete database of polls at https://europeelects.eu/data/
Government
| Head of State (Monarch) | Willem-Alexander (*) |
| Head of Government (PM) | Dick Schoof (*) |
| Parties in Government | People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD-RE) Farmer–Citizen Movement (BBB-EPP) |
Parties
Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV)
Party for Freedom
Leader: Geert Wilders
Orientation: Right-wing (Poguntke et al., 2020)
EP Affiliation: PfE (PfE, Patriots.eu, EC/DA, NI Benelux)
EU Stance: Strongly opposed to EU integration (Chapel Hill data)
Years active: 2006-…
Watch here our video from 2021 about the party.
Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie (VVD)
People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy
Leader: Dilan Yesilgöz
Orientation: Liberal (Poguntke et al., 2020)
EP Affiliation: RE (RE, ALDE Party, LI, ALDE-PACE, LG-Benelux)
EU Stance: Somewhat in favour of EU integration (Chapel Hill data)
Years active: 1948-…
Watch here our video from 2021 about the party.
Nieuw Sociaal Contract (NSC)
New Social Contract
Leader: Eddy van Hijum
Orientation: Centre-right
EP Affiliation: EPP (EPP-EP, EPP-PACE)
EU stance: Neutral towards EU integration (Chapel Hill data)
Years active: 2023-…
Partij van de Arbeid (PvdA)
Labour Party
Leader: Frans Timmermans
Orientation: Centre-left (Poguntke et al., 2020)
EP Affiliation: S&D (S&D, PES, PA, SOC, SGD Benelux)
EU Stance: In favour of EU integration (Chapel Hill data)
Years active: 1946-…
Note: In 2026 the parties will merge, as decided in a recent membership referendum in June.
Watch here our video from 2021 about the party.
GroenLinks (GL)
GreenLeft
Leader: Frans Timmermans
Orientation: Green politics (Poguntke et al., 2020), Centre-left
EP Affiliation: Greens/EFA (Greens/EFA, EGP, GG, SOC, SGD Benelux)
EU Stance: In favour of EU integration (Chapel Hill data)
Years active: 1989-…
Note: In 2026 the parties will merge, as decided in a recent membership referendum in June.
Watch here our video from 2021 about the party.
Democraten 66 (D66)
Democrats 66
Leader: Rob Jetten
Orientation: Liberal (Poguntke et al., 2020)
EP Affiliation: RE (RE, ALDE Party, LI, ALDE-PACE, LG-Benelux)
EU Stance: Strongly in favour of EU integration (Chapel Hill data)
Years active: 1966-…
Watch here our video from 2021 about the party.
BoerBurgerBeweging (BBB)
Farmer–Citizen Movement
Leader: Caroline van der Plas
Orientation: Agrarian
EP Affiliation: EPP (EPP-EP, EPP-PACE, NI Benelux)
EU Stance: Somewhat opposed to EU integration (Chapel Hill data)
Years active: 2019-…
Christen-Democratisch Appèl (CDA)
Christian Democratic Appeal
Leader: Henri Bontenbal
Orientation: Centre-right (Poguntke et al., 2020)
EP Affiliation: EPP (EPP-EP, EPP Party, CDI, EPP-PACE, CF-Benelux)
EU Stance: Somewhat in favour of EU integration (Chapel Hill data)
Years active: 1980-…
Watch here our video from 2021 about the party.
Socialistische Partij (SP)
Socialist Party
Leader: Jimmy Dijk
Orientation: Left-wing (Poguntke et al., 2020)
EP Affiliation: ~LEFT (history with LEFT, SGD Benelux)
EU Stance: Somewhat opposed to EU integration (Chapel Hill data)
Years active: 1971-…
Watch here our video from 2021 about the party.
DENK (DENK)
Think
Leader: Stephan van Baarle
Orientation: Left-wing
EP Affiliation: *
EU Stance: Neutral towards EU integration (Chapel Hill data)
Years active: 2015-…
Watch here our video from 2021 about the party.
Partij voor de Dieren (PvdD)
Party for the Animals
Leader: Esther Ouwehand
Orientation: Animal rights, left-wing (Katsourides & Ioannidis, 2024), Green politics
EP Affiliation: LEFT (LEFT, Animal Politics EU, PftAIM; NI Benelux)
EU Stance: Somewhat opposed to EU integration (Chapel Hill data)
Years active: 2002-…
Watch here our video from 2021 about the party.
Forum voor Democratie (FvD)
Forum for Democracy
Leader: Thierry Baudet
Orientation: Far-right (Rooduijn et al., 2023)
EP Affiliation: ESN (ESN Party, history with NI)
EU Stance: Strongly opposed to EU integration (Chapel Hill data)
Years active: 2016-…
Watch here our video from 2021 about the party.
Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij (SGP)
Reformed Political Party
Leader: Chris Stoffer
Orientation: Christian fundamentalist
EP Affiliation: ECR (ECR-EP, ECPM)
EU Stance: Somewhat opposed to EU integration (Chapel Hill data)
Years active: 1918-…
Watch here our video from 2021 about the party.
ChristenUnie (CU)
Christian Union
Leader: Mirjam Bikker
Orientation: Centre-right (Poguntke et al., 2020)
EP Affiliation: EPP (EPP-EP, ECPM, CF-Benelux)
EU Stance: Somewhat in favour to EU integration (Chapel Hill data)
Years active: 2000-…
Watch here our video from 2021 about the party.
Volt Nederland (Volt)
Volt Netherlands
Leader: Laurens Dassen
Orientation: Eurofederalism, social liberalism
EP Affiliation: Greens/EFA (Volt)
EU Stance: Strongly in favour of EU integration (Chapel Hill data)
Years active: 2018-…
Juiste Antwoord 21 (JA21)
Correct Answer 21
Leader: Joost Eerdmans and Annabel Nanninga
Orientation: Conservative
EP Affiliation: ~ ECR (history with ECR-EP)
EU Stance: Strongly opposed to EU integration
Years active: 2020-…
Watch here our video from 2021 about the party.
Belang van Nederland (BVNL)
Interest of the Netherlands
Leader: Wybrand van Haga
Orientation: Right-wing
EP Affiliation: *
EU Stance: strongly opposed to EU integration
Years active: 2021-…
50PLUS (50+)
Over 50
Leader: Martin van Rooijen
Orientation: Centre-right
EP Affiliation: RE (EDP; history with EPP-EP)
EU Stance: Neutral towards EU integration (Chapel Hill data)
Years active: 2009-…
Watch here our video from 2021 about the party.
BIJ1 (BIJ1)
Together
Leader: Edson Olf
Orientation: Left-wing
EP Affiliation: *
EU Stance: In favour of EU integration
Years active: 2016-…
Meer Directe Democratie (MDD)
More Direct Democracy
Leader: Dorien Rookmaker
Orientation: National-conservative
EP Affiliation: ~ ECR (history with ECR, EAFD)
EU Stance: Somewhat opposed to EU integration
Years active: 2021-… (European Parliament)
Articles and Podcasts
EU Parliamentary Projection: Gains Left and Right, Losses In Between
Netherlands: Regional Elections That Risk National Gridlock
Netherlands: From Election to Chaos in Two Weeks
Netherlands: Rutte Sovereign in a Landscape Fragmented Like Never Before
